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Research Article  |   July 2005
Reliability and Validity of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)–Revised for Chinese Preschoolers
Phoebe L. C. Chan; Susanna M. K. Chow
Author Affiliations
  • Phoebe L. C. Chan, MSc, BSc, is Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy Department, Kowloon Hospital, Mong Kok, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
  • Susanna M. K. Chow, PhD, MA, MSc, BSc, was Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; susannamkchow@yahoo.ca
Article Information
Visual Perception and Visual Factors
Research Article   |   July 2005
Reliability and Validity of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)–Revised for Chinese Preschoolers
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, July/August 2005, Vol. 59, 369-376. doi:10.5014/ajot.59.4.369
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, July/August 2005, Vol. 59, 369-376. doi:10.5014/ajot.59.4.369
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE. The reliability and validity of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)–Revised (TVPS–R) were examined for its usefulness on Hong Kong Chinese preschoolers.

METHOD. Content validity was evaluated by six experts. Test–retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were examined on 66 typically developing preschoolers while concurrent validity was examined on these preschoolers plus 52 preschoolers with visual-perception difficulties.

RESULTS. Test–retest reliability was high for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] =.88), but not for all subtests (ICC ranged .38 to .77) or for individual items (mean kappa = 0.32). The standard error of measurement (SEM; 1.53) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .90) were satisfactory. Evidence supporting the test’s validity included a significant developmental trend (F = 4.99, p < .001), a lack of gender bias (F = .04, p = .84), and positive known-group differentiation (Wilks’s lambda = 52.42, p < .001). The correlation between the Motor-Free Visual-Perceptual Test–Revised composite score and the TVPS–R composite was moderate at r = .60.

CONCLUSIONS. When based on the total scores, the TVPS–R was reliable and valid. The use of subtest scores and item scores for decision making or treatment planning is not recommended.