Competent clinical practice relies on scientific theory to explain phenomena and to provide the rationale for rehabilitation strategies. Despite research advances and new insights, no unified theory has yet been offered to explain all aspects of the puzzling neglect syndrome. To find clinical relevance for new discoveries, theoretical models have to be integrated into assessment procedures and treatment strategies. The aim of this article is to briefly review recent theories about spatial hemineglect with emphasis on their potential use for practice, assessment strategies, and rehabilitative approaches.